The One Site and Four Scenarios explores the resolution of the site before the Sewoon Arcade. The imagination expands your curiosity into the past Eulji-ro without a megastructure in sight.

Four viewpoints at the stair along the pedestrian pathway each represent different degrees of resolution. The first viewpoint casts a narrow alley of Eulji-ro. The second frames modern architecture such as Jongno Tower and 3.1 Building. The third contains Jongmyo of the Joseon Dynasty. Lastly, the fourth guides the viewer towards a crane at construction site.

The varying resolution can be placed in a chronological order: Jongmyo, alleys, modern architecture, and tower crane. Should a higher resolution of urban elements be regarded superior as we grade a TV?

The One Site and Four Scenarios explores the resolution of the site before the Sewoon Arcade. The imagination expands your curiosity into the past Eulji-ro without a megastructure in sight.

Universality and Individuality in Urban Architecture

Manhattan’s Urban Grid System

The urban planning of Manhattan, in New York City, was established under the ‘Commissioner’s Plan of 1811’ in 1811. Now more than 200 years have passed, but this plan is still in effect and continues to fulfill its purpose by maintaining most of the original urban grid blocks and designated building types in each district. The building lot of the 57E130 NY Condominium is located in East Harlem, a residential district developed in the northeast of Manhattan under the 1811 plan. It’s one of twenty lots created by subdividing one of the two thousand urban blocks.

Buildings in one block stand side by side, and only leave a seismic gap of 1in (2.54cm) between them. According to the city’s building regulations, every façade must align with the lot line at the roadside, and therefore they are often perceived as part of a collective entity that combines buildings through an attached wall system to form a block, rather than retain their identities as individual buildings. Buildings that have remained in place for 200 years, and the

combination created when they come together, are important focal points that every architect in Manhattan must approach carefully.

The attached wall system, the façade design based on a grid pattern, the windows of a long vertical plane, and the brick cladding all work together with the urban grid system and contribute to the unique context of Manhattan. Universality arising from such an urban context, which is governed by these strict building regulations deriving from the urban planning, is the starting point of this project.

Expressing an Elegant Individuality Beyond Universality

To introduce an ordinary mass or façade design that respects its surrounding context and expresses an elegant individuality – one that will not flaunt itself in the face of universality – the decision was made to use brick, an ordinary material, to create a façade design with a depth of 12in (30.48cm). To emphasise its depth, 90-degree angled standard bricks with a width of 8in (20.32cm) and 124, 135, 146 and 158-degree angled custom-made ones were combined into five different types of brickwork.

A typical façade pattern, in which each floor has three-bay openings with four pilasters, has been upheld, so all of the façades across the six floors appear

identical. Each pilaster has a width of 24in (60.96cm), and each opening of the windows, 40in (101.6cm). As for the pilasters, the half of their width is flat, and the other half is chamfered at a 45-dgree angle. This accentuates the depth of the façade.

The direction of the 45-degree chamfered surfaces changes without disturbing the overall harmony of the building and gives life to the monotonous 3 × 6 gridded façade. For these chamfered surfaces, 135-degree angled brick has been applied. There are two spots where pilasters have been arranged to adopt different widths according to internal conditions. 124, 146 and 158-degree angled bricks are used for them. When shadows are cast, the depth of the façades becomes ever more apparent.

Moreover, the identical brick corner details on the exterior avoid establishing a dichotomous relationship with adjacent public spaces. It’s not the façade that

marks the boundary between the street scenery and the building’s interior space. People are guided by the chamfered corners to walk into the building via a

buffer zone. With the accessibility of the ground floor secured, the building’s 6th floor and the rooftop’s southeast corner are cladded with 135-degree angled

brick so that the building and the sky can seamlessly blend into each other.

Optimizing Habitability and Maximizing Profitability While Keeping to an Error Range of 1in

57E130 NY Condominium is a rental apartment with six floors above and one below ground. As the building lot has a width of 18 ft-3in (5.56m) which is rather

narrow compared to the average lot width in Manhattan, I had to attend even to a 1in space – smaller than a brick module – to come up with an the optimali residential unit design.

The front area of the 1st floor consists of a lobby and elevator hall, and the rear area and the 2nd floor, duplex-type 3-bed units. The 3rd to 5th floor is filled with twobed units, and the 6th floor, 1-bed units. Consequently, the building offers a total of five types of units.

Individual units stack up floor by floor. The attached wall system allows them to have windows only at the front and rear. The building owner wanted two bedrooms in the rear area of each floor to secure profitability. To get the required approval from the NYC Council, the room size has to be larger than 8×10ft, and the room must have an opening exposed to outside air. Meanwhile, the gap between outer walls of loadbearing walls on both sides is 18ft. The depth of each loadbearing wall is 1ft, therefore the total depth is 2ft, And the depth of the lightweight wall between bedrooms is 6in. On balance, only a space with a width of 15ft-6in is left for two bedrooms. It was impossible to have them side by side while complying with the minimum room size of 8×10ft set by the city’s building code. However, this unfortunate situation could be resolved by placing the two rooms alternately.

In addition, spatial layouts and interior finishing materials were carefully chosen to comply with the minimum width of 3ft-6in for corridors and 5ft for toilets.​

In an unexpected space along the entrance way to the mock-up building, one’s anticipation caused by the substantial concrete structure and the seeming elevator is unfamiliarly subverted. This leads to the subversion of the fixed conception of spaces and things and thereby bestows an intriguing significance upon the mock-up. Visitors are welcomed by two elevator openings at the lobby. Instinctively they enter one of the openings and encounter unexpected loop of stairs going up and down leading to the other opening. Such a nonsensical moment elevates the meaning of the whole experience and the definition of mock-up, which is a fake building. The steel stair structure is enclosed by PVC mesh of orance color which makes link to the safety fence at construction site of the real building.

Situated at a transitional node in the midst of scattered new developments with high-end residential area to the north, commercial area to the south, Cornerstone 1-532 projects the character of the site with a monolithic, continuous, and curved surface along the adjacent streets. The building quietly sits in as a neutral backdrop to the diverse textures of the surroundings.

Cornerstone 1-532 is a four-story mixed-use building with individual program per floor stacked vertically; commercial space on the first floor and artist studio/residence on the other floors.

Despite the small site area of 175 m² with 40% lot coverage ratio, the site bestowed with an advantage of a corner lot. The west and the south side of the site facing the street adopt a single curved facade to minimize the segmentation and to maximize the length of the facade surface. This creates a building mass larger than life, allowing a monolithic visual impact as a whole.

The first floor is framed by an extruded geometry of the pentagonal site's corner. This alien geometry on the curved facade represents the shape of the site, and the insertion of this frame to the full-height surface creates an interesting contrast. Different use of materials emphasizes the contrast between the two gestures. The curved surface is an aggregation of bricks, whereas exposed concrete creates the frame with curved glass fit in. This concrete frame also elongates towards the north boundary of the site functioning as canopy along the west side of the site.

The level difference between the Southeast and the Northwest points of the site by nearly one floor plays another key role to the character of the building. Raising the first floor by half level results in two separate entrances to the first and basement floors.

From apart, a single volume shows a monolithic gesture like a stone placed on asphalt pavement, which represents calmness to the unanticipated events around and harmonizes the variety. But as approaching, the building speaks up through the transparent glass frame.